{"id":4136,"date":"2026-02-13T14:06:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T13:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/?page_id=4136"},"modified":"2026-04-10T14:13:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T12:13:37","slug":"cover-gallery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/?page_id=4136","title":{"rendered":"Cover Gallery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Sumanene-based triazole-linked receptors<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Designing molecular receptors featuring the bowl-shaped sumanene motif for detecting metal cations constitutes an emerging field of applied supramolecular chemistry of this buckybowl. In this work, we successfully synthesized a new class of sumanene-based receptors, whose key structural feature was the presence of two or three sumanene units linked via<\/em> 1,2,3-triazole skeletons generated in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (click chemistry approach). It was found that the designed compounds detect metal cations in solution (spectrofluorometric studies), as well as in heterogeneous systems (polymeric membranes of potentiometric sensors). In terms of optical studies in solution, the title molecules exhibited fluorescence quenching behaviours upon addition of metal cations, with Stern\u2013Volmer constant values at the level of 106<\/sup><\/small> M\u22121<\/sup><\/small>. The spectrofluorometric and potentiometric results were in good agreement, revealing the preferential binding of lithium (Li+<\/sup><\/small>), caesium (Cs+<\/sup><\/small>), or copper(II<\/small>) (Cu2+<\/sup><\/small>) cations, depending on the receptor structure. Density functional theory (DFT) computational studies were also performed on the structure and receptor properties of the title molecules. The results indicate attractive possibilities for the design of novel organic materials based on the sumanene scaffold and the ability to tune the properties of sumanene-based receptors for recognition of different metal cations.<\/h4>\n<\/div>
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A New Generation of Sumanene-Based AIEgens for the Effective Recognition of Metal Cations in Solutions Containing 95\u2005vol\u2009% of Water<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In recent years, the application of sumanene derivatives for the optical detection of metal cations was demonstrated. Unfortunately, known sumanene-based receptors enable the detection process in purely organic solutions or in aqueous media containing not lower than 50\u2005vol\u2009% of organic solvent. Designing easy-to-synthesize sumanene-based optical receptors able to effectively recognize metal cations in aqueous solutions containing a slight volume fraction of organic solvent remained an important and vital challenge. In this work, we show that water-insoluble sumanene receptors composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms enable the effective detection of cesium (Cs+<\/sup>)
or lithium (Li+<\/sup>) cations in solutions containing 95\u2005vol\u2009% of water. Their key feature is related to the exhibition of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. We discovered that the designed sumanene receptors exhibit excellent detection parameters expressed by Stern-Volmer constant values at the level from 108<\/sup> to 1010<\/sup>\u2005M\u22121<\/sup>. This work also shows that by simple modification of the sumanene receptor structure, it is possible to drastically change its detection preference from large Cs+<\/sup> cations to small Li+<\/sup> cations. The highest sensitivity of the designed receptors was concluded for Na+<\/sup> or Li+<\/sup>, depending on the receptor structure. This work opens new avenues in designing sumanene-based optical receptors.<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Metal cations recognition by bowl-shaped\u00a0N<\/em>-pyrrolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bowl-shaped, nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were examined for the first time as molecular receptors for the recognition of metal cations. Potentiometric and spectrofluorimetric assays, supported with density functional theory computations, revealed that the title compounds recognise metal cations with a special focus on caesium (Cs+<\/sup><\/small>) cations. <\/h4>\n<\/div>
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Sumanene\u2013carbazole conjugate with push\u2013pull structure and its chemoreceptor application<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The first-of-its-kind tetra-substituted sumanene derivative, featuring the push\u2013pull chromophore architecture, has been successfully designed. The inclusion of both strong electron-withdrawing (CF3<\/sub><\/small>)
and electron-donating (carbazole) moieties\u00a0in this buckybowl compound has enhanced the charge transfer characteristics of the molecule. This enhancement was supported by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and emission spectra analyses along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The application of the title sumanene\u2013carbazole push\u2013pull chromophore as a selective recognition material for cesium cations (Cs+<\/sup><\/small>) was also presented. The title compound exhibited effective and selective Cs+<\/sup><\/small>-trapping ability, characterized by a high apparent binding constant value (at the level of 105<\/sup><\/small>) and a low limit of detection (0.09\u20130.13 \u03bcM). Owing to the tuned optical properties of the title push\u2013pull chromophore, this study marks the first time in sumanene-tethered chemoreceptor chemistry where efficient tracking of Cs+<\/sup><\/small>\u00a0binding was possible with both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. This work introduces a new approach toward tuning the structure of bowl-shaped optical chemoreceptors.<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Oxidation-derived anticancer potential of sumanene\u2013ferrocene conjugates<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An effective synthetic protocol towards the oxidation of sumanene\u2013ferrocene conjugates bearing one to four ferrocene moieties has been established. The oxidation protocol was based on the transformation of FeII<\/sup><\/small>\u00a0from ferrocene to FeIII<\/sup><\/small>-containing ferrocenium cations by means of the treatment of the title organometallic buckybowls with a mild oxidant. Successful isolation of these ferrocenium-tethered sumanene derivatives\u00a0\u00a0gave rise to the biological evaluation of the first, buckybowl-based anticancer agents, as elucidated by\u00a0in vitro<\/em>\u00a0assays with human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) and embryotoxicity trials in zebrafish embryos supported with\u00a0in silico<\/em>\u00a0toxicology studies. The designed ferrocenium-tethered sumanene derivatives featured attractive properties in terms of their use in cancer treatments in humans. Ferrocenium-tethered sumanene derivatives exhibited potential towards the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for biological damage to the cancer cells, with the most efficient generation of the tetra-ferrocenium sumanene derivative.<\/h4>\n<\/div>
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A sumanene-containing magnetic nanoadsorbent for the removal of caesium salts from aqueous solutions<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sumanene was covalently immobilised onto the surface of cobalt nanomagnets to obtain a magnetic nanoadsorbent. This nanoadsorbent was specifically designed to efficiently and selectively remove caesium (Cs) salts from aqueous solutions. The nanoadsorbent’s application potential was evidenced by the removal of Cs from model aqueous solutions, simulating the concentrations of radioactive\u00a0137<\/sup><\/small>Cs in the environment. Additionally, Cs was effectively removed from aqueous wastes generated by routine chemical processes, including those used in drug synthesis.<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fast, solvent-free synthesis of ferrocene-containing organic cages\u00a0via<\/em>\u00a0dynamic covalent chemistry in the solid state<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A simple, solvent-free synthetic protocol towards the synthesis of organic self-assembled macromolecules has been established. By employing mechanochemistry using glassware readily available to every organic chemist, we were able to synthesise three novel organic cage compounds exemplarily and to speed up the synthesis of a ferrocene-containing macrocycle by a factor of 288 compared to the solution-based synthesis. The structural investigation of the newly synthesised cages revealed different modes of connectivity from using ferrocene-containing aldehydes caused by the free rotation of the cyclopentadienyl units against each other. By extending the facile solvent-free synthesis to ball-milling, even compounds that show lower reactivity could be employed in the dynamic covalent formation of organometallic cage compounds. The presented protocol gives access to otherwise inaccessible structures, speeds up general synthetic workflows, and simultaneously reduces the environmental impact of supramolecular syntheses.<\/h4>\n<\/div>
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Tris(ferrocenylmethidene)sumanene: synthesis, photophysical properties and applications for efficient caesium cation recognition in water<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The synthesis of a sumanene derivative bearing three ferrocenyl substituents is presented. This conjugated compound is solution-processable, shows red-light emission with high fluorescence quantum yield and can be used for the construction of the first buckybowl-based sensor for the selective and effective recognition of caesium cations (Cs+<\/sup><\/small>) in aqueous solution.<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Site-selective cation\u2013\u03c0 interaction as a way of selective recognition of the caesium cation using sumanene-functionalized ferrocenes<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The first sumanene\u2013ferrocene probes for efficient and selective caesium cation (Cs+<\/sup><\/small>) recognition are reported. The working mechanism of the sumanene moiety as the sensing unit was based on the site-selective cation\u2013\u03c0 interaction in its neutral state. The interactions with Cs+<\/sup><\/small>\u00a0were characterized by high association constant values together with low limits of detection.<\/h4>\n<\/div>
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Grinding-induced functionalization of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Covalent functionalization of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles based on the grinding-induced 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides is presented. We report an easy to perform, fast and efficient method for the direct introduction of various types of functional moieties, such as carboxylic, metallocene and sugar units, into carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles. Herein we report, a novel mechanochemical, eco-friendly and grinding-induced method for the functionalization of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles . Our method employs the 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides bearing unprotected carboxyl or hydroxyl moieties, as well as a metalorganic or a sugar unit. To the best of our knowledge there are no examples on such mechanochemical introduction of the organic moieties onto a graphene-based material. Such conclusion prompted us to develop a simple, efficient, non-toxic and fast method to functionalize this unique magnetic nanomaterial. We have carefully selected the aldehydes containing different types of specific functionalities to show the simplicity and effectiveness of mechanochemical introduction of the organic moieties into the surface of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles.<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sumanene-based triazole-linked receptors Designing molecular receptors featuring the bowl-shaped sumanene motif for detecting metal cations constitutes an emerging field of applied supramolecular chemistry of this buckybowl. In this work, we successfully synthesized a new class of sumanene-based receptors, whose key structural feature was the presence of two or three sumanene units linked via 1,2,3-triazole skeletons generated in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4136"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4371,"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4136\/revisions\/4371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasprzak.ch.pw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}